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Conjunctions Summary

The Common Types of English Conjunctions (with Examples)



Most English conjunctions are short, teeny-tiny words that you might not even notice in a sentence.

But they’re everywhere, and they’re some of the most important English words.

They make up the sentences you speak every minute of every day, so it makes sense to learn English conjunctions.



Contents

What Are Conjunctions?

Coordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunctions

Correlative Conjunctions

How to Practice English Conjunctions

And One More Thing...



What Are Conjunctions?

A conjunction is a part of speech, just like a noun, verb or pronoun. The basic purpose of a conjunction is to combine other parts of speech.



Conjunctions can combine two basic words or clauses. You can also take two sentences and combine them into one sentence with a conjunction.



There are three common types of English conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating and correlative.

Let’s break up the following conjunctions using each of these three categories. We’ll start with the simplest type (coordinating conjunctions) before moving on to more difficult territory.



Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions connect two sentences or ideas together.



There are seven coordinating conjunctions and it’s easy to remember them with the acronym FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.



Here are the definitions and uses of each coordinating conjunction, as well as some example sentences.



1. For

You’re providing a reason for something (similar to the word “because,” which we’ll cover later in this post).



I eat at the café every weekend, for they serve the best bagels in town.



2. And

“And” joins two ideas, things or sentences together.



I have two cats and one dog.

I drink coffee in the morning, and I drink wine in the evenings.



3. Nor

When you have a negative statement, “nor” adds another negative alternative.

My mom was not happy, nor was she upset. She didn’t care.



4. But

This conjunction connects two contrasting ideas/things.

I want to go to the movies, but Sarah wants to go out to eat.



If you said “I want to go to the movies, and Sarah wants to go out to eat,” that would imply that you and Sarah are going to do both activities.

Using the word “but” communicates that you are going to do either one or the other.



5. Or

“Or” presents an alternative to an option.



Would you rather wear a dress or jeans?



We can go to the movies or we can go out to eat.



6. Yet

When you present a statement, “yet” presents an idea that contrasts the first statement logically.

I don’t like soda, yet I think root beer floats are delicious.



7. So

This conjunction gives a reason for something.

I have to wake up early, so I don’t stay out late.

John is struggling in his math class, so he hired a tutor.



Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions connect a dependent clause to an independent clause.



An independent clause is a group of words that make up a sentence.

I know how to play basketball.



A dependent clause is a group of words that don’t make up a sentence on their own.

of my dad



Subordinating conjunctions connect these dependent clauses to independent clauses.



If you add the subordinating conjunction “because,” you can combine those two clauses:



Because of my dad, I know how to play basketball.

Now it’s clear that your dad taught you how to play basketball.



Occasionally, the group of words that make up a dependent clause can make up a complete sentence.



But for these sentences, the dependent clause still needs to be connected to an independent clause for context.



For example, if the dependent clause is “I wash my face” and the independent clause is “I can’t go to bed,” you can connect them with “until.”



I can’t go to bed until I wash my face.



There are a lot of subordinating conjunctions, but let’s just cover some of the most common!



8. Although

“Although” means “even though” or in spite of something.



Although she is a great creative writer, she has trouble writing academic papers.



9. Though

“Though” can often be used the same way as “although,” but likely to be found in the middle of a sentence.



Though I don’t drink milk, I do pour milk into my coffee.



I don’t drink milk, though I do pour milk into my coffee.



10. While

“While” refers to the moment something is/was happening.



The mailman delivered a package while you were at school.



While you were at school, the mailman delivered a package.



11. If

“If” introduces what to do in the event that something happens.



You can eat an apple if you get hungry before dinner.



If you get hungry before dinner, you can eat an apple.



12. Until

This conjunction means “up to the point that something happens.”



I can stay until 12:00 today, but then I have to go to work.



I am on vacation until January 5th.



13. Whether



Use “whether” as an indirect question that includes two possibilities.

I don’t know whether the class has been canceled.

She’s not sure whether she answered the question correctly.



14. After



Use “after” to talk about what happens in the period of time following something else.

I went to church after my hair appointment.

After my hair appointment, I went to church.



15. Before

“Before” is the opposite of “after.” Use “before” to talk about what happens in the period of time preceding something else.



I had a hair appointment before I went to church.

Before I went to church, I had a hair appointment.



16. Because

“Because” explains the reason for something.

I’m staying home tonight because Sarah canceled our plans.



17. Since

The primary use of “since” is to talk about the amount of time that something has been happening.



You can also use “since” as a synonym for “because.”

She has been wearing makeup since she was 16 years old.

He has been afraid of driving since the car crash last year.

I’m staying home tonight since Sarah canceled our plans.



18. When

This conjunction refers to the time that something was happening.

I loved ice cream when I was a kid.

When I was a kid, I loved ice cream.



19. Where

The conjunction “where” can be used to mean “whereas.”

Where some people don’t care about politics, others consider it one of the most important things in their lives.



20. How

“How” describes the way that something is or happens.

Tell me the story of how you and Mom fell in love.



21. Than

When you’re comparing two things, “than” can be used to introduce the second thing.

He’s much nicer than his sister.

I’d rather eat at a restaurant than at home.



Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are conjunctions that come in pairs. You need both words for the sentence to make sense, and they must be in the correct order.



22. Whether… or

I briefly mentioned this pairing when discussing “whether” previously. Use “whether… or” to talk about two options.



Have you decided whether you want to wear the red shirt or the blue shirt?

Whether we leave at 8:00 or 8:30, we’re going to get stuck in traffic.

You’re going to eat your vegetables, whether you like it or not.



(Note: “Whether you like it or not” is a common phrase for expressing that someone doesn’t have a choice in the matter. It’s probably most common for parents to say to children.)



23. Either… or

These words express two alternatives. It can be confusing to decide between using “whether… or” or “either… or,” but here’s the main difference:



“Whether… or” is usually used when you’re trying to make a decision. “Either… or” is typically used to compare two nouns or options.



It’s tricky, but here are some examples of “either… or.”

This summer, I want to visit either France or England.

Either we can eat Chinese food, or I’ll make food at home.

I want to attend either Harvard or Yale.



24. Neither… nor

“Neither… nor” is very similar to “either… or.” The difference is that you use “neither… nor” in a negative statement.



Neither Cindy nor her husband will attend the parent-teacher conference tomorrow.



Pat likes neither big cities nor small towns. She prefers small cities, like Greenville.

Neither my brother nor my sister is a good singer.



25. Both… and

Use this pair to talk about two related things.



I’m studying both theater and communications at college.

Let’s order both mozzarella sticks and cheese dip.

My daughter takes both ballet classes and karate classes. She likes to be active!



26. Not only… but also

“Not only… but also” is basically a way of saying, “But wait… there’s more!” It’s a way to convey more information, often information that is unexpected or impressive.



I want to be not only a wife and mother, but also a doctor.

My son not only plays basketball and football, but also takes piano lessons.

My dog not only knows how to sit, but also how to shake and lie down.



27. If… then

The words “if” and “then” separate two clauses. Use the pair to talk about something that will happen as a result of something else happening.



If Bob graduates from college, then he can apply for the job opening at Google.

If I order a medium pizza instead of a small, then I’ll have leftovers to eat tomorrow.

Joe is allergic to peanut butter. If he accidentally eats some, then his tongue will swell up.







Source: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/english-conjunctions/

Preposition mistakes

Common preposition mistakes

Because prepositions are a complex part of speech, non-native English speakers sometimes misuse them. Here are some common preposition mistakes to look out for.

 
At

At vs. on vs. in:“The event starts at 9pm.”
“The event is on Tuesday.”
“The event is in May.”



At vs. to:Correct: “I was at the movie theater last night.”
Incorrect: “I was to the movie theater last night.”



At vs. in:Correct: “My brother is good at playing board games.”
Incorrect: “My brother is good in playing board games.”

 
In

In vs. on:Correct: “I read about it in a magazine.”
Incorrect: “I read about it on a magazine.”



In vs. at:Correct: “My brother does well in school.”
Incorrect: “My brother does well at school.”



In vs. at night:Correct: “I like to go for walks at night.”
Incorrect: “I like to go for walks in night.”



In vs. into:Correct: “She went for a walk in the park.”
Incorrect: “She walked into the park.”

On

On vs. onto:Correct: “The dog is on the bed.”
Incorrect: “The dog jumped onto the bed.”

 
To

To vs. in:Correct: “I went to France last May.”
Incorrect: “I went in France last May.”

 
For

For vs. since:Correct: “She’s been waiting for six hours.”
Incorrect: “She’s been waiting since six hours.”


Source https://preply.com/en/blog/list-of-prepositions/

Prepositions Summary

 

of time
Preposition	Example
after	You can go after you’ve done your homework.
at	I met my friend at 4pm.
before	It’ll be done before lunch.
during	I’ll be there sometime during the afternoon.
for	He’ll be in New York for two weeks.
in	They have dinner in the evening.
on	I’m going there on Friday.
since	I’ve been up since dawn.
until	I’ll wait until tomorrow.

Prepositions of time
Preposition	Example
after	You can go after you’ve done your homework.
at	I met my friend at 4pm.
before	It’ll be done before lunch.
during	I’ll be there sometime during the afternoon.
for	He’ll be in New York for two weeks.
in	They have dinner in the evening.
on	I’m going there on Friday.
since	I’ve been up since dawn.
until	I’ll wait until tomorrow.

Prepositions of movement
Preposition	Examples
across	I swam across the lake.
along	We walked along the shore.
from	He just flew in from California.
into	I dove into the pool.
onto	She jumped onto the bed.
over	The fox jumped over the dog.
through	I pushed through the crowd.
to	He walked to the supermarket
toward	He’s walking toward us.

Prepositions with verbs
Preposition	Verb(s)	Examples
about	complain read	He complained about the delay. They read about the concert.
at	arrive look	They arrived at the venue.  He looked at me.
from	differ suffer	Her opinions might differ from his.  She’s been suffering from a bad cold.
for	account search	That doesn’t account for the differences in the numbers.  I’m searching for my lost dog.
in	result succeed	Her efforts resulted in a big success for the company.  She succeeded in winning the argument.
of	approve smell	I don’t approve of that choice. The air smells of lilacs.
on	concentrate depend	It’s hard to concentrate on my homework when there’s so much noise.  I have to depend on him for rides while my car is in the shop.
to	contribute lead	I’m looking for a way to contribute to my community.  He led the team to victory.
with	disagree argue	I disagree with your opinion on that.  I don’t want to argue with you.

Prepositions with adjectives
Preposition	Adjective	Examples
about	sorry	They’re so sorry about that.
from	different	I’m a little different from them.
for	grateful	She’s really grateful for your help.
in	disappointed	He’s so disappointed in him.
in	interested	I’m interested in learning more.
of	aware	I just became aware of that.
of	capable	I don’t think I’m capable of lifting something that heavy.
of	proud	I’m so proud of you.
to	accustomed	He was accustomed to the temperature.
with	familiar	I’m familiar with that author.

Source:  https://preply.com/en/blog/list-of-prepositions/